CORRECTION AND RETRACTION POLICY

Corrections may be issued when minor mistakes are discovered after publication that do not alter the overall results, interpretations, or conclusions of the article. Such errors may include typographical mistakes, mislabelled tables or figures, incorrect author affiliations, or minor data inconsistencies. In such cases, a Correction Notice (Erratum or Corrigendum) will be published in a subsequent issue of the journal and linked to the original article online. The corrected version may replace the original file while clearly indicating the changes made.

A Retraction will be issued when significant issues invalidate the findings or credibility of the research. Reasons for retraction may include plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, unethical research practices, redundant or duplicate publication, copyright infringement, or serious methodological or analytical errors that compromise the conclusions. Retractions may also occur when authors fail to disclose conflicts of interest that substantially affect the integrity of the work. A Retraction Notice will state the reasons for retraction clearly, remain permanently accessible, and be linked to the original article. The original article will not be removed from the journal archive, but it will be marked prominently as Retracted.

In cases where an investigation is ongoing but unresolved, an Expression of Concern may be published to notify readers of potential issues. This notice may later be replaced by a correction or retraction based on the final outcome. Authors who identify a serious error in their own published work are expected to notify the editorial office immediately to initiate the correction or retraction process.

The editorial board of IJPAF retains final authority regarding all decisions related to corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions, ensuring transparency and adherence to established ethical standards. The journal aims to maintain trust in academic publishing by ensuring that the published record remains accurate, reliable, and credible.

For inquiries related to corrections or retractions, authors or readers may contact the Editorial Office at editor.ijpaf@gmail.com